Here in San Diego County, we have a highly diverse range in climates, in fact, we are the most biologically diverse county in the country. From the oceanic coast, to the rolling foothills, to the tall mountains, to the expansive desert - the one thing the whole County has in common is we import the VAST majority of our water.

When trying to calculate our water supply, we should first start with what we have locally. Above we see the general range in rainfall amounts across the county. If we look below, we see that 16% of our water is from local supply. This includes surface water, groundwater, recycled water and conservation. This amount could jump up significantly if we embraced rainwater harvesting on a large-scale. Learn more how much we could be catching on our Catching Rainwater page. Additionally, water recycling and greywater systems both have HUGE potential for using water MUCH more efficiently, we will discuss these in future blogs.

Next we see that about 20% of our water is imported from northern California. This source relies on the Sierra snow pack, something that has been shrinking over recent years, see the report for details. The snow pack is important because it is like a bank account of water that can be relied upon into summer as it melts and flows down to the delta where the water is collected and exported to us. Unfortunately, even in non-drought years when the Sierras get a healthy snow pack, rising temperatures are melting the snow much faster than previous years causing us and many others to loose that critical time-released water. 

By far, the largest portion of our water comes from the Colorado River, about 64%. This water is obtained by the San Diego County Water Authority through a long-term water conservation and transfer agreement with the Imperial Irrigation District and two canal-lining agreements that transfer conserved water to San Diego County. Moving water over these long distances has significant costs and liabilities. 

For one, 20% of out entries state's electricity is used to move water, that is a lot of money and energy each year! Secondly, having most of our water come from one source a long way away means that our supply is quite fragile. An earthquake or other disaster could quickly cut off this supply. Third, so many places draw water from the Colorado River, complicated and outdated water laws are creating tension between regions.  Lastly,  taking away such a significant amount of water from the river means that animals, plants and people down the river don't get any water. Other than a few wet years, according to University of Arizona,the Colorado River has not flowed to the Gulf of California since 1960.

20% of our ENTIRE state's energy is used to move water!

It is clear that relying on such a high percentage of foreign water is not sustainable in the long run. Through water conservation, water recycling and rainwater harvesting, both active and passive (described in upcoming blog), we can become FAR more self sufficient as a county.

Like our page on Facebook to be notified when new blog posts come out!
Click link here to be directed to our Facebook page.

For years I have occasionally drove past an area in Poway, CA on Ted Williams Parkway and noticed an orchard-like planting of about 100 citrus trees that sits within the road's right-of-way. I often think about how our local government could be planting drought-tolerant fruit bearing trees instead of the non-fruit-bearing trees they almost always plant. We could be getting food for free!

Seeing this public orchard makes me very excited every time I go by, but it's placed in a location where there is nowhere to pull over - how are you supposed to get to the fruit? Finally this past month I visited the site by parking in a nearby street and walking over.

As I neared the trees I noticed the first fruits were grapefruit - a fruit I tend to avoid. I walked further to find other varieties but to my surprise I found that every single tree was a grapefruit! They only planted one kind of citrus - and the worst kind in my opinion!

Not only that but the hill was so steep we could barely walk on it. How were they expecting people to harvest this fruit?

Many of the trees were dying, especially the ones on the south facing hill and trees that were high on the slope were there is less plant-available soil moisture (all the water moves down the hill). You can see in the above picture that they installed culverts to specifically move water away from the orchard area!

In San Diego County's Mediterranean climate these water intensive plants need supplemental irrigation. Building healthy soil and harvesting rainwater in the soil reduces the amount of supplemental irrigation significantly, but citrus likes a lot of water.

Check out our blog about plants appropriate for Mediterranean climates which we planted at our permaculture education and demonstration site in Ramona, CA (San Diego County).

Next to the orchard we found a variety of edible and useful plants including:
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)
CA Buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum)
White Sage (Salvia apiana)
Artichoke (unknown spp.)
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)

Growing edible and useful plants in public spaces is a no-brainer! Why have plants that you can't use when you can have pants that you can??? What's important is to plant the right plants in the right places. Plants that use a lot of water should not be in places that don't have a lot of water. Plants that require harvesting should not be on extremely steep slopes, etc.

These simple design parameters found in permaculture and ecological design allow us to build regenerative systems that take care of themselves, saving you time and money while also getting yummy and healthy food AND creating healthy ecosystems for a healthy planet!

Like us on Facebook to get notified when new blog posts are up.

An article on February 22nd by Emily Shapiro on ABC news goes briefly through the past, present and future of the "drought." Here is our article summary with additional information.

In January 2014 California Governor Jerry Brown declared a drought state of emergency and allocated over $3 billion for drought relief and water management improvements. The official drought started in 2012, coupled with record heat year after year. Additional heat means additional evaporation which can add up to a lot! Take coastal San Diego for example, who gets about 10 inches of precipitation a year but has over 60 inches of pan evaporation! That means a lot more water evaporates than falls, making healthy soil, mulching and the planting of climate-appropriate trees critical.

California has been seeing record rains recently causing flooding around the state. From San Diego County to Yreka, California, to the far north, all of California has received historic rainfall levels, filling reservoirs fast, some too fast! Even with the large amounts of rain, things can dry out quickly if temperatures shoot up, something that is being observed more often.

The question seems to come up in every article about rain in California, "Is the drought over?" Our recent blog post, It's Raining Tanks and Cisterns (click for link), discusses why this is a dangerous question to ask. Of course, it should be discussed, but planning for, and educating people about the new normal of receiving less average rainfall is far more important than if people can legally go back to using grossly unnecessary amounts of water that became restricted under the "drought" "rules". As we've observed recently, things can dry out quickly if temperatures shoot up. 

With less rain, farmers have been pumping extra ground water. So much so, that the ground level has been dropping significantly in areas with heavy ground water draw. According to Park Williams, a climate scientist and an assistant professor at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, groundwater pumping is essentially taking away from future water reserves to survive this current drought.

"If we take groundwater out of the ground and we don't put water back in to replace it, then that is an unsustainable approach to the use of a very valuable resource," Williams said. "As we continue to reduce drought effects by pulling water out of the ground, we're stealing from the future. And so without prescribing any recommendation, I will say that the California government is beginning to try to regulate groundwater use ... The point of doing that is to try to find a more sustainable approach to using that valuable resource."

According to the Environmental Protection Agency, California's water comes from three main sources: aquifers, snowpack, and reservoirs. The drought tends to hit rural communities harder than the cities as they are better able to diversify their water supply. Most farmers rely on irrigation, which accounts for approximately 80 percent of California’s water use, according to the Public Policy Institute of California.

Jerry Brown has made a number of executive orders to help the state deal with the drought, the most recent mandating "continued, long-term water savings as drought persists."

David Feldman, a UC Irvine professor of planning, policy and design, says it's important to prepare for a drought before one is declared. He recommends that the U.S. follow Australia's example by harvesting rainwater and recycling wastewater. Our recent blog post, What Regions In Drought Can Learn From Australia (click link), dives deeper into those proven strategies.

He also said it is critical to not take our water for granted. Every drop counts.

"Droughts are not just limited to California and the Southwest," Feldman said. "Other areas of the U.S. have been through periods of water stress and drought from time to time. We want to do everything we can ... to protect our water, to conserve it ... to recycle it if we can, just to treat it more wisely than we have in the past."

Rainwater harvesting systems save water from wetter times for the drier times - whether it be reservoir or a rainwater harvesting tank at your home. Our recent blog post talks about the advantages of smaller rainwater harvesting systems so we don't encounter dangerous problems like we have been experiencing at Oroville Dam (click for link - How You Can Save Oroville Dam - Harvest Rainwater).

Link to original article: http://abcnews.go.com/US/californias-wet-weather-believing-drought/story?id=45628808